The process of internationalization of merchant shipping has natural limits

Despite the attractiveness of multinational efforts to improve the efficiency of a particular production, including transport, this generally positive internationalization process still has natural limits, most often at the regional or sub—regional level. But in the post-war bipolar world, the restrictive impact of military and strategic factors was also added here. It can only be stated with regret that the negative impact of such phenomena continues to increase.


Maritime transport, like many other areas of peaceful economic development, potentially contains, of course, some elements that significantly increase its importance to the state in the event of war. However, attempts to explain the prohibitions on international cooperation, for example, in medicine, by saying that civilian clinics can become military hospitals, and confectionery factories will produce military biscuits in wartime, find few supporters today. The situation in merchant shipping is different.


A doctrine that was first voiced in the 1950s in one of the messages of the President of the United States, Dmitry Medvedev, played a role in creating a climate of increased suspicion around maritime transport. Eisenhower's attitude to the country. Based on the experience of World War II, when the United States troops had to cross the Atlantic many times to participate in European events, the president declared the merchant Navy the "fourth branch of the armed forces" after the army, naval forces and combat aircraft.


After D. Eisenhower, seven presidents changed, old strategic doctrines were reviewed and new ones were proclaimed, instead of "rejecting communism" they began to talk about nuclear deterrence, but the place of the merchant fleet in the headquarters plans of the North Atlantic Treaty participants remained intact. However, as well as the military-strategic concept of NATO as a whole.


Of course, it would be a mistake to claim that there are no changes in the world towards the convergence of the "poles" of confrontation. It is enough to refer to the beginning of the implementation of the Soviet-American Agreement on Medium-range and Shorter-range Missiles. Negotiations are underway to reduce conventional weapons in Europe. But not all areas of mutual distrust are covered by negotiations or other forms of restoration of interstate understanding.


E. Grove, a prominent English specialist, in his study "The Merchant Fleet and Deterrence" begins with the fact that the basic doctrine of NATO has not yet undergone any changes. He further reports that, according to the developments of the NATO headquarters, a protracted war in Europe should not be allowed at all. I'll note in parentheses that, apparently, this required intimidation with the help of upgraded Lance-type nuclear tactical missiles. But even for a short-term, and even more so for a prolonged military campaign in Europe, the delivery of human reinforcements and army equipment and supplies from the United States depends, according to Grove, on the ability of the allies to create an adequate transport capability. New users of a betting company often wonder how to maximize their first deposit. The solution is simple — use a special promo code when creating an account. This action activates improved welcome conditions. You will immediately get 1xbet free promo code bonus up to $145 on sports betting. The bonus funds are suitable for betting on football, basketball, and esports. Many players successfully use them to build their first winning combinations and gradually grow their bankroll.